\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff1astruct model_name {
type1 element1;
type2 element2;
type3 element3;
.
.
} object_name;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91ccmodel_name \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u3002object_name \u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{ }\u5185\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b50\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u62ec\u53c2\u6570model_name (\u53ef\u9009)\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1astruct products {
char name [30];
float price;
};
products apple;
products orange, melon;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u5757products\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u57df\uff1aname \u548c price\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u540d\u79f0 (products) \u6765\u58f0\u660e\u4e86 3\u4e2a\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1aapple, orange \u548cmelon\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cproducts\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982int, char\u6216 short \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61(object)\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u53ef\u9009\u9879object_name \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u58f0\u660e\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u58f0\u660e\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61apple, orange\u548cmelon\uff1astruct products {
char name [30];
float price;
}apple, orange, melon;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u58f0\u660e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53c2\u6570model_name (\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684products)\u5c06\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709model_name\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u66f4\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u533a\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578bmodel\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6a21\u578bmodel \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578btype\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8c61object \u662f\u53d8\u91cfvariable\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578bmodel (type)\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u8c61objects (variables)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u76843\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61(apple, orange \u548c melon)\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u57df(field)\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u548c\u57df\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u7b26\u53f7\u70b9(.)\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1aapple.name
apple.price
orange.name
orange.price
melon.name
melon.price<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aapple.name, orange.name \u548cmelon.name \u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578bchar[30]\uff0c\u800capple.price, orange.price \u548c melon.price \u662f\u6d6e\u70b9\u578bfloat\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cyours.year \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636eint\uff0c\u800c mine.title \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a50\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc mine \u548c yours \u4e5f\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662fmovies_t \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570printmovie()\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7ed3\u6784\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5176\u89c4\u5219\u540c\u5176\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u6307\u9488\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff1astruct movies_t { \u8fd9\u91cc amovie \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578bmovies_t \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800cpmovie \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578bmovies_t \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u540c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff1a \u4e0b\u9762\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a->\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5e38\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u62ec\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\uff1a \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\uff1a \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0fpmovie->title \u548c (*pmovie).title \u90fd\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u53d6\u6307\u9488pmovie \u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5176\u5143\u7d20title \u7684\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u5c06\u5b83\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u8fbe\u533a\u5206\u5f00\uff1a \u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e \u8868\u793a\u53d6\u7ed3\u6784pmovie \u7684\u5143\u7d20title \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3atitle\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e0b\u8868\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6307\u9488\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1astruct movies_t { struct friends_t { friends_t * pfriends = &charlie;<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0a\u58f0\u660e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1acharlie.name (\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b49\u4ef7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\/\/ example about structures
#include \u2039iostream.h\u203a
#include \u2039string.h\u203a
#include \u2039stdlib.h\u203a
struct movies_t {
char title [50];
int year;
}mine, yours;
void printmovie (movies_t movie);
int main () {
char buffer [50];
strcpy (mine.title, “2001 A Space Odyssey”);
mine.year = 1968;
cout << “Enter title: “;
cin.getline (yours.title,50);
cout << “Enter year: “;
cin.getline (buffer,50);
yours.year = atoi (buffer);
cout << “My favourite movie is:\\n “;
printmovie (mine);
cout << “And yours:\\n”;
printmovie (yours);
return 0;
}
void printmovie (movies_t movie) {
cout << movie.title;
cout << ” (” << movie.year << “)\\n”;
}<\/td>Enter title: Alien
Enter year: 1979
My favourite movie is:
2001 A Space Odyssey (1968)
And yours:
Alien (1979)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\/\/ array of structures
#include \u2039iostream.h\u203a
#include \u2039stdlib.h\u203a
#define N_MOVIES 5
struct movies_t {
char title [50];
int year;
} films [N_MOVIES];
void printmovie (movies_t movie);
int main () {
char buffer [50];
int n;
for (n=0; n<N_MOVIES; n++) {
cout << “Enter title: “;
cin.getline (films[n].title,50);
cout << “Enter year: “;
cin.getline (buffer,50);
films[n].year = atoi (buffer);
}
cout << “\\nYou have entered these movies:\\n”;
for (n=0; n<N_MOVIES; n++) {
printmovie (films[n]);
return 0;
}
void printmovie (movies_t movie) {
cout << movie.title;
cout << ” (” << movie.year << “)\\n”;
}<\/td>Enter title: Alien
Enter year: 1979
Enter title: Blade Runner
Enter year: 1982
Enter title: Matrix
Enter year: 1999
Enter title: Rear Window
Enter year: 1954
Enter title: Taxi Driver
Enter year: 1975
You have entered these movies:
Alien (1979)
Blade Runner (1982)
Matrix (1999)
Rear Window (1954)
Taxi Driver (1975)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u7ed3\u6784\u6307\u9488(Pointers to structures)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
char title [50];
int year;
};
movies_t amovie;
movies_t * pmovie;<\/p>\n\n\n\npmovie = &amovie;<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n\/\/ pointers to structures
#include \u2039iostream.h\u203a
#include \u2039stdlib.h\u203a
struct movies_t {
char title [50];
int year;
};
int main () {
char buffer[50];
movies_t amovie;
movies_t * pmovie;
pmovie = & amovie;
cout << “Enter title: “;
cin.getline (pmovie->title,50);
cout << “Enter year: “;
cin.getline (buffer,50);
pmovie->year = atoi (buffer);
cout << “\\nYou have entered:\\n”;
cout << pmovie->title;
cout << ” (” << pmovie->year << “)\\n”;
return 0;
}<\/td>Enter title: Matrix
Enter year: 1999
You have entered:
Matrix (1999)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\npmovie->title<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n(*pmovie).title<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n*pmovie.title<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n*(pmovie.title)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/th> \u63cf\u8ff0<\/th> \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e<\/th><\/tr> pmovie.title<\/td> \u7ed3\u6784pmovie \u7684\u5143\u7d20title<\/td> <\/td><\/tr> pmovie->title<\/td> \u6307\u9488pmovie \u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5176\u5143\u7d20title \u7684\u503c<\/td> (*pmovie).title<\/td><\/tr> *pmovie.title<\/td> \u7ed3\u6784pmovie \u7684\u5143\u7d20title \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c<\/td> *(pmovie.title)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n \u7ed3\u6784\u5d4c\u5957(Nesting structures)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
char title [50];
int year;
}<\/p>\n\n\n\n
char name [50];
char email [50];
movies_t favourite_movie;
} charlie, maria;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
maria.favourite_movie.title
charlie.favourite_movie.year
pfriends->favourite_movie.year<\/p>\n\n\n\n